檔案館:香港集體運輸研究/第二章

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《香港集體運輸研究》第二章

現存公共交通

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現有公共交通

香港的公共交通服務由巴士、電車、乘客渡輪、郊區火車和的士提供。剩下的幾輛人力車不再在交通系統中發揮重要作用。
表定公共交通服務由七個獨立的企業提供，除政府擁有的鐵路外，所有企業都是私營企業。其中三個運輸機構在香港島營運，兩個在內陸（九龍及新界）營運，另外兩個在兩者之間提供渡輪服務。各營運商提供的客運總量比例如表2所示。

PUBLIC TRANSPORT PASSENGERS — 1966
TABLE 2
AREA AND UNDERTAKING	TYPE OF SERVICE	PASSENGERS CARRIED
AREA AND UNDERTAKING	TYPE OF SERVICE	Number	Per Cent of Total
Hong Kong Island:
Hong Kong Tramways Co., Ltd.	Tram	181,589,000	14.7
China Motor Bus Co., Ltd.	Bus	186,561,000	15.0
Peak Tramways Co., Ltd.	Cable tram	2,174,000	0.2
		370,324,000	29.9
Mainland:
Kowloon Motor Bus Co., Ltd.	Bus	643,120,000	51.9
Kowloon-Canton Railway	Suburban train	8,734,000	0.7
		651,854,000	52.6
Harbour and Islands:
Hongkong & Yaumati Ferry Co., Ltd.	Ferry	161,074,000	13.0
Kowloon-Canton Railway	Ferry	56,332,000	4.5
		217,406,000	17.5
TOTAL		1,239,584,000	100.0
SOURCE: Preliminary World Highway Statistics—1965, International Road Federation.

儘管近年來私家車數量迅速增加，但公共交通仍然是個人出行的主要方式。每天超過 330 萬人次的公共交通出行就證明了其重要性。與世界許多其他地區的趨勢相反，香港的公共交通乘客量不單逐年持續增長，而且增長速度遠高於人口增長速度。隨着人口的增長和商業活動帶來更多的流動以及生活水平的持續提高，預計未來私家車註冊量可能會大幅增加。然而，公共交通因其本身的高效率運送大量人員的能力，在可預見的未來將繼續成為主要的出行方式。

公共交通服務區域

目前，91%的公共交通行程是在佔29平方英里的香港和九龍市區內，以及兩地之間的渡輪進行。另外 9% 是在剩餘 369 平方英里的土地上進行的，其中包括離島。圖表3顯示了1966年公共交通乘坐情況的地區分佈情況。

GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF PUBLIC
TRANSPORT PASSENGERS
TABLE 3
AREA	PASSENGERS		LAND AREA
AREA	Number	Per Cent of Total	Square Miles	Per Cent of Total
Urban area:
Hong Kong Island	348,870,000	28.1	13.4	3.4
Kowloon	568,817,000	45.9	15.6	3.9
Between Island and Kowloon	210,239,000	17.0	—	—
Subtotal	1,127,926,000	91.0	29.0	7.3
Suburban Areas:
Hong Kong Island	21,454,000	1.7	15.8	4.0
New Territories	83,037,000^[a]	6.7	353.3	88.7
Outlying ferry services	7,167,000^[b]	0.6	—	—
Subtotal	111,658,000	9.0	369.1	92.7
TOTAL	1,239,584,000	100.0	398.1	100.0
↑ Excludes passengers carried by New Territories taxicabs and dual-purpose vehicles operating as buses, and small bus operation on Lantau Island. ↑ Excludes minor ferry services.

路綫覆蓋範圍——市區所有建成區都在一條或多條公共交通路綫的四分之一英里範圍內。大多數地區都有不止一條路綫提供服務，並且在許多不同的總站/碼頭/車站組合之間提供直接服務。儘管路綫存在重疊和重複，但人口密度高、交通量大、移動模式複雜，保證了這種不尋常的服務。圖4顯示了市區及近郊社區現有的公共交通路綫。
近郊區域和農村社區也有良好的公共交通覆蓋。在這些地區裏，幾乎每條主要道路都有一條或多條公交線路提供服務。近郊內以及往返市區中心的本地服務非常廣泛。有直達近郊和鄉村點的渡輪服務，也有鐵路提供通勤服務從一些邊陲社區直接通往九龍市中心。在新界，亦有許多小型車輛通常按固定路綫和時間表營運，與巴士和鐵路服務競爭。
過海出行——兩岸發展互相倚賴，對往來兩岸的旅程產生大量需求，以及將水上運輸連接每段如此旅程成為必需。這對公共交通服務的發展、路綫格局和成本產生了重大影響。圖5反映了過海交通的重要性，該圖顯示了為滿足這一出行需求而開發的渡輪路綫的日常使用情況。
每四個渡輪乘客中只有一人無使用其他交通模式完成行程，多數人必須使用其他交通服務接駁行程。市區及近郊巴士路綫均有遷就渡輪航線，大多數渡輪碼頭均設有主要巴士總站。九廣鐵路的客用車站置於一主要渡輪碼頭旁，而香港島的電車綫與碼頭也只有兩三個路口的距離。然而，乘坐渡輪所需的步行距離仍相當長；儘管大多數路綫上的班次頻繁，但使用渡輪仍顯著增加行程時長。

公共交通使用趨勢

PUBLIC TRANSPORT PASSENGERS IN RELATION
TO POPULATION 1954-1966
TABLE 4
YEAR	PUBLIC TRANSPORT PASSENGERS		ANNUAL RIDES PER CAPITA
YEAR	Number	Per Cent Increase	ANNUAL RIDES PER CAPITA
1954	516,460,000	—	227
1955	553,063,000	7.1	236
1956	594,201,000	7.4	244
1957	640,597,000	8.0	248
1958	683,135,000	6.6	249
1959	723,156,000	5.8	253
1960	813,471,000	12.5	273
1961	892,540,000	9.7	285
1962	975,745,000	9.3	301
1963	1,034,686,000	6.0	308
1964	1,095,547,000	5.9	316
1965	1,164,695,000	6.3	325
1966	1,239,584,000	6.4	335

圖4 顯示了過去13年中七種表定公共交通服務每年運送的乘客量。自 1954 年以來，每年增幅在 5.8% 至 12.5% 之間。雖然最大增幅出現在 1960 年代初期，但過去四年的成長率一直穩定在每年 6% 左右。
1966年，公共交通乘客量是1954年的近2.5倍；然而，人口只增加了1.5倍。在此期間，人均每年乘坐公共交通的次數從227次增加到335次。因此，公共交通乘客量不僅反映了人口的增加，而且反映了每人乘坐次數的增加。

PUBLIC TRANSPORT PASSENGERS BY GEOGRAPHIC AREA
TABLE 5
AREA	1954		1966		PER CENT INCREASE (1954-1966)
AREA	Number	Per Cent	Number	Per Cent	PER CENT INCREASE (1954-1966)
Hong Kong Island	199,453,000	38.6	370,324,000	29.9	86
Mainland	206,610,000	40.0	651,854,000	52.6	215
Harbour and Islands	110,397,000	21.4	217,406,000	17.5	97
TOTAL	516,460,000	100.0	1,239,584,000	100.0	140

URBAN AND SUBURBAN DISTRIBUTION OF
PUBLIC TRANSPORT RIDING
TABLE 6
AREA	1954		1966		PER CENT INCREASE (1954-1966)
AREA	Number	Per Cent	Number	Per Cent	PER CENT INCREASE (1954-1966)
Urban	491,134,000	95.1	1,127,926,000	91.0	130
Suburban^[a]	25,326,000	4.9	111,658,000	9.0	341
TOTAL	516,460,000	100.0	1,239,584,000	100.0	140
↑ Includes trips between urban and suburban areas.

PUBLIC TRANSPORT PASSENGERS BY UNDERTAKINGS
TABLE 7
UNDERTAKING	1954		1966		PER CENT INCREASE (1954-1966)
UNDERTAKING	Number	Per Cent	Number	Per Cent	PER CENT INCREASE (1954-1966)
Kowloon Motor Bus Co., Ltd.	203,246,000	39.4	643,120,000	51.9	216
China Motor Bus Co., Ltd.	55,950,000	10.8	186,561,000	15.0	233
Hong Kong Tramways Co., Ltd.	141,613,000	27.4	181,589,000	14.7	28
Hongkong & Yaumati Ferry Co., Ltd.	75,897,000	14.7	161,074,000	13.0	112
Star Ferry Co., Ltd.	34,500,000	6.7	56,332,000	4.5	63
Kowloon-Canton Railway	3,364,000	0.7	8,733,000	0.7	160
Peak Tramways Co., Ltd.	1,890,000	0.3	2,174,000	0.2	15
TOTAL	516,460,000	100.0	1,239,584,000	100.0	140

ANNUAL PER CAPITA EXPENDITURE
ON PUBLIC TRANSPORT
TABLE 8
YEAR	TOTAL PUBLIC TRANSPORT EXPENDITURE^[a]	EXPENDITURE PER CAPITA
1961	$124,874,000	$41.89
1962	$135,025,000	$43.09
1963	$150,718,000	$46.43
1964	$166,304,000	$49.51
1965	$175,900,000	$50.67
↑ Total annual passenger fares paid to the seven scheduled public transport undertakings.

FARES

AVERAGE FARES
TABLE 9
YEAR^[a]	AVERAGE FARE PER PASSENGER (CENTS)^[b]
YEAR^[a]	Bus, Tram and Train	Ferry	All Services
1961	15.0	16.1	15.2
1962	14.7	16.1	14.9
1963	15.2	16.2	15.4
1964	15.9	16.1	15.9
1961	16.0	16.2	16.0
↑ As the transport companies have different financial years, these figures relate to the financial year ending in the year indicated. ↑ Passenger revenue divided by total number of passengers carried.

Trams	20 cents first class, 10 cents "second" class, for distances up to 6.6 miles.
Buses, urban areas	10 cents for the first fare section of approximately one mile, 20 cents for more than one section up to 7.5 miles on Kowloon routes; 10, 20, 25 and 30 cent first section fares on the Island, with 10 cent section increments.
Buses, to suburban areas	30 cents to $1.10, depending on distance travelled; 10 to 30 cents for short trips within suburban areas.
Suburban trains	40 cents to $3.00 first class, 30 cents to $2.25 second class, and 20 cents to $1.50 third class, depending on distance travelled; maximum distance 22 miles.
Peak tram	40 to 60 cents depending on distance travelled; full distance 0.8 miles.
Ferries, between urban areas	20 or 25 cents first class, 10 cents "second" class; maximum distance one to 2.5 miles.
Ferries, to suburban areas	50 cents to $1.20 first class, 40 cents to $1.00 "second" class, depending on distance travelled.